Old tech vs new

New technology â€Å"The front porch† by Chester convey,† television destroying childhood† by rose batched and, â€Å"on the fear of death† by Elisabeth kibble-Ross. Those topics as authors has mentioned about how the way thing are now then past and how the way things compare to present. The modern world Is changing day by day and becoming more Innovative. The deferent things we use every day such as ours phones and cars and many more. The use of cell phone and cars keep connected with friends and family, but It has also Increased public rudeness.The old technology Is linked to the new technology. Without the old technology, the new technology wouldn't be found or exist. According to past, the first car ford model T was Invented In early sass's, without that being Invented the newer model would be found. Old technology was not as complex as newer technology. For example, when I was younger, I remember going out with my grandfather in his â€Å"Marti Suzukià ¢â‚¬  which is an Indian model car back in 2002. Currently, I am now driving 2013 Toyota corolla.The differences between these two cars are great. The Marti Suzuki only had radio and air conditioning working only, compare to that car, the Toyota corolla has many feature such as Bluetooth, CD player, navigation and much more feature. Early 1900, the phone was to only used to be called people and now it is we have lots of option such as testing, playing games, video calling, and many more. Another example, when I was in India, I had phone called Monika. I only can call from that phone. That phone is limited to calling only.Currently, I have the Samsung galaxy so, and this phone as any option and feature such as testing, playing games, video calling, and many more. For instance, when I came to USA back in 2008, my parent gave me phone g on my birthday. That phone was slow and takes time to load things such as video, games, websites and etc. Compare to that phone, and I bought another phone in 2010. The I phone g was getting better because that phone loads everything faster than phone g. That how we can tell that the technology is getting better and better.The technology matter because if we didn't had computer, cars, phone or any another genealogy, we would able to talk with relatives, we would not able to drive, or we would not able find things or learn from computer. However, the deference between new technology and old technology Is great because without the old technology, the new technology wouldn't new exist. The old technology was the foundation for the new technology. We have world changing day by day and I predict that technology will continue grow and become more and more Innovative. Old tech vs. new By stationmaster compare to present.The modern world is changing day by day and becoming more innovative. The different things we use every day such as ours phones and cars and but it has also increased public rudeness. The old technology is linked to the new exist. According to past, the first car ford model T was invented in early sass's, without that being invented the newer model would be found. Old technology was would not able find things or learn from computer. However, the difference between new technology and old technology is great because without the old technology, the will continue grow and become more and more innovative.

New Orleans: After the Storm

On the 29th of August, 2005, a Category 3 Hurricane swept across the state of Louisiana and dealt major damages to the City of New Orleans, a tragedy never to be forgotten by the American Nation. Though the hurricane never hit the city itself, through its huge rainfall content, it has caused levee breaches which had dealt the most damage as flood devastated the city, and was thus dubbed as the worst engineering disaster in the history of the United States (Kilpatrick & Dermisi, 2007). Lost of lives and property were dealt during the incident, as the crime rates hiked up due to the disorder caused by the hurricane, and images of criminals engaging grand theft auto were seen live on television, as buildings were burning or being wrecked by the flood.Critics continue to blame various groups, individuals and factors for the terrible incident which has scarred the people’s hearts and minds, and has terrorized and affected both individuals and their pets who were residents of the ci ty, still learning who to blame, and being tight in releasing funds for insurance claims, and learning whether the state should pay for the damages or not. Yet, whether damages were paid or remain unpaid, and whether individuals who should be blamed were blamed or left unquestioned, it must be realized that beyond restoring the finances of the people and giving due justice, healing the wounds of each and every resident of New Orleans who currently suffer from the emotional, and psychological baggage which burden each and every one of them must be realized and given due priority.Faulty Urban Planning. The development of cities and industries has caused the increase of population in areas near industrial zones in consideration to the convenience brought about by being near to the jobs present in the area. The continuing increase in the population and demand for cheap homes have been the critical factors in pursuing the building of homes in marshlands, swamps, reclamation areas, and ot her low ground areas by the Government led United States Army Corps of Engineers, in the City of New Orleans. After the construction of the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal in 1940, the state closed the commercial waterways which were used before for waterborne commerce, leading to the drastic lowering of the city’s water table.The US Army Corps of Volunteers then built a levee system around the area covering much of the city’s marshlands and swamps, without consideration to the possible subsidence brought about by the compression of underlying soils. These brought about land subsidence of up to 8 feet or 2 meters in some areas which were reclaimed by the US government. A recent study of the Tulane University notes that 49% of New Orleans is below sea level, with the majority of the population on the higher ground. However, the mean elevation of the city has become between 1 and 2 feet below the sea level, with some parts as high as 16 feet and some parts as deep as 10 fe et. The city is also bordered by the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain, and is marbled with canals and bayous (Galle, 2007) which maybe considered geologically hazardous.Moving on. Two years after the incident, the residents of New Orleans are still trying to cope up with the emotions, and the losses which they have incurred during Hurricane Katrina. For some individuals, moving on might be a very easy thing to do, especially if they have some other place to move on to. Yet for some, the typhoon was just the beginning, especially if they’re homes have been washed out or burned by some thug or all their assets and even their pets are gone. A year after the typhoon businesses in the high ground started to bloom again, as most of the restaurants are open, the Convention Center began to have bookings, and almost all of the premium office space in the business district is occupied, and the Port of New Orleans is nearly back to normal.Tourists have also started to come back, and almost half of New Orleans’ pre-Katrina population is back mostly crowded into the high ground along the river (Ydstie, 2006). For some individuals, the damage dealt by Hurricane Katrina was something that has made them further down, as insurance companies refused to pay some victims due to some loopholes within the insurance policies such as the wind vis-à  -vis flood, and the flood vis-à  -vis hurricane policies. Some insurance companies claim that individuals could not be compensated for their wrecked homes if their insurance policy says that their houses are insured for hurricane since it was the flooding that has caused the house to be destroyed, a heartless argument that gives no consideration to the logic that there would be no flood if there was no hurricane at all. Worse are the insurance companies who argue that wind was the cause for the houses’ roofs to come off and the flooding did not cause it, thus they would only pay partially for the damages.The se defenses and loopholes of insurance companies made things worst for Katrina Victims, and should be condemned. While most of the individuals suffer from more stressful damages brought about by such insurance companies, what should be stressed for them is the fact that, the first rule of insurance policy construction is that ambiguous policy language is interpreted against the drafter (â€Å"contra proferentem†) which in most cases are the insurance companies, and also that, insurance agents, must also then be sued for their negligence towards their jobs of making such loophole-full policies (Abraham, 2007). Also individuals who lost their houses are troubled by some policies such as the high ground policy which forces them to make their houses higher, individuals who have problems with stairs such as those suffering from arthritis are troubled by this.Pets after Katrina. During the Hurricane, the residents of New Orleans initially saving their lives left their pets behind. Cats and dogs of different breeds and species were lost, and were forced to roam a world which was unknown to them, while being thirsty and unfed, and while some residents were trying to find back their pets some individuals were arrogant about them such as the cop who threw out a dog named snowball out of a bus (â€Å"Snowball! Snowball!†, 2005). A year after the incident, organizations such as the North Shore Animal League of America, helped retrieved pets of New Orleans’ residents. Initiatives to house some of the pets which no one claimed, however there has been a lack of credible population to adopt such pets.Lessons learned. Some individuals say that the impact Hurricane Katrina has dealt is comparable to the impact of the Oakland Firestorm which hit Oakland California in 1991, which then, was a large urban fire which occurred in the northern Oakland, California, and which has killed 25 people and injured 150 others. While some issues of Hurricane Katrina are com parable, such as the amount of damage dealt, and the fact that most of the victims of the Oakland Firestorm were somewhat unaware of their insurance policies just like the victims of Katrina, the issues of complacency and uncompetitive planning are the factors which make the circumstances of the two incidents different. While the damages dealt by Hurricane Katrina were due to the lack of mitigation, and the lack of competitive advantage in terms of planning, the damages brought about by the fire in Oakland California were mainly due to the complacency of the residents and the local municipality in terms of controlling the fire.Reflections. While it holds true that acts of God could never be controlled by man, it must always be taken into consideration, that God has given us our brains for us to analyze and think about what we can do just in case. In the case of Hurricane Katrina, the damage could have been avoided if there were only enough mitigation done, such as holding studies ab out the geography and the soil composition of the area, and taking a close monitor over the movements of the soil and the water levels, and making detailed and well thought off engineering measures to prevent such incident from happening again. It must also be taken into account that there have been not enough measures to provide emotional support for the victims of the typhoon, and such emotional stress and tension must be given consideration and priority by the government and other support groups.ReferencesAbraham, K.S. 2007. In Brief : The Hurricane Katrina Insurance Claims. Virginia LawReview, 93, 157-164.Bach, A., & Miller, C., 2003. Lessons Shared from Oakland-Berkely Hills. Retrieved September14, 2007, from http://www.hillsemergencyforum.org/docs/Media-LessonShared.pdfGalle, J. 2007. Special Reports : Vulnerable Cities. Retrieved September 15, 2007 fromhttp://www.weather.com/newscenter/specialreports/hurricanes/vulnerablecities/neworleans.htmlKilpatrick, J.A., & Dermisi, S. 2 007. The Aftermath of Katrina: Recommendationsfor Real Estate Research. Journal of Real Estate Literature.Snowball! Snowball! The Little Dog Who Broke A Nation's Heart! Hurricane Katrina'sLittlest Victim. 2005. Muttshack Animal Rescue Foundation, posted Sept. 6 2005. Retrieved, September 14, 2007 from, http://www.muttshack.org/2005/09/snowball-snowball-little-dog-who-broke.html Ydstie, J. 2006. Katrina Victims Still Struggle to Find Way Home. Retrieved September14, 2007 from http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5720114

Mahatma Ghandi

Year 11 Community and Family Studies Individuals and Groups – Leadership Term 2 Assessment MAHATMA GHANDI . Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi, known as Mahatma , or ‘Great Soul’ was a successful leader who managed to cause major political change in countries that experienced an abundance of racial discrimination and cultural inferiority . The two most signi? cantly effected countries that experienced direct positive empowerment because of Mahatma Ghandi were South Africa and India. Reason for Ghandi’s immense success with each goal he set was his strong self belief, resilience, persistence and determination.Apart from these characteristics allowing Ghandi to achieve his goals, they made him an exceptional example of an effective leader. In South Africa Mahatma Ghandi fought for Indian civil rights, his success resulted in the reformation of the anti- Indian Legislation, by South African Of? cials. Throughout the history of South Africa racial discrimination was al ways prevalent among society. Native Africans, Indians and Asians were constantly subject to racial injustices, particularly from the 1800’s to 1959.Examples of this are evident throughout the legislations and laws that were directed at Indians; Indians; -Could only freely migrate to South Africa as indentured Labourers (labourers on contract) – They had none of the rights of full citizenship – Were not allowed to own property or land – Were only granted temporary residence -Forced to pay of sum of ? 3 if they were ex-indentured Indians that failed to reindenture or chose to return to India after their labour contracts were completed . Had to live in government allocated areas for ‘sanitation’ purposes – Were the only race that had to complete a educational, health, age and means test in order to gain admission into the country with the exclusion of Indian indentured labourers. (this purpose of this test was to stop further immigration of ‘free Indians’ (Indians that came to South Africa not indentured) ). -Were prohibited from marrying the ‘Whites’ (People of European descent e. g. Dutch, German, French ) These government policies were discriminatory against the Indian race and resulted n them (Indians) being assumed as an inferior race in society which further resulted in the excessive mistreatment of Indians. Being exposed to these racial inequalities, and having been of Indian race Mahatma Ghandi was well aware of these racial inequalities as he stated â€Å"I discovered that as a man and as an Indian I had no rights†. He recognised that change needed to occur in order for the Indian race in South Africa to be equalised within society. This recognition then lead Ghandi proposing an action plan of ‘passive resistance’ which he was leader of.The result of his passive resistance which was taken up by hundreds of other supporting Indians in South Africa was the . refo rmation of the anti- Indian Legislation ( mentioned previously). This meant that the Indian Relief Act was passed, consequently improving Indian civil rights. The act; – Abolished the ? 3 poll tax -Recognised marriages contracted in terms of traditional Hindu and Muslim rites – Indian children of parents living in South Africa are allowed to immigrate Although these modi? ed policies of legislation did improve Indian Civil Rights, there were still major parts which remained law that were racially unjust.For example; Indians were still prohibited from owning property in Transvall and Orange Free State. -Indians were not allowed to reside in Orange Free State. – Restrictions still existed on Indian trades. In 1869 India was part of the British Empire, which meant that Britain ran the government, made laws and took advantage of India’s natural riches in particularly salt, in order to make pro? t. The fact that the British Empire ruled India, basically meant that the Indian’s own country had to a degree been taken from them; they were living in a country that was not theirs. After ? hting in the British Army in Europe during First World War (1914-18) Indians, felt that in return they deserved to be granted Independence. Believing this Ghandi resolved to ? ght for Indian Independence or what he referred to as ‘Swaraj’ . Ghandi’s method of ‘? ghting’ was inspired by his belief of Satyagraha, meaning truth force. He stated â€Å" Satyagraha has been designed as an effective substitute for violence† . In order to achieve this vision Ghandi employed his method of civil disobedience. ?He urged Indians to resist British rule by going on strike. ?He went on hunger strikes ?He made protest speeches ? Encouraged Indians not to wear clothes or pay British taxes – this was the beginning of Ghandi’s Cloth Campaign; he ordered the public to burn their British clothing and instead spin their own thread and make their own clothes. ?Encouraged Indians not to buy British goods, go on strike from their jobs and attend rallies to hear him speak. ?The most signi? cant event that Ghandi lead to achieve Indian Independence in India was the ‘Salt March’ ; during this event Ghandi lead hundreds of his followers to Dandi Beach were he picked up the ? st handful of salt. This symbolised that Indians would no longer bow to British laws. This occurrence was so important because it showed rebellion to British law. During this time (1930’s) it was made law that Indians could not collect their own salt, they had to purchase heavily taxed salt from the British. However after Ghandi’s action, Indians started collecting their own salt. . Mahatma’s main goal was to achieve Indian independence, however he fought for better working conditions for poor weavers and went on a fast until he won them a wage increase.He also set up a ashram which was communal farm , on this farm Ghandi accepted a group of social outcasts, labelled the ‘untouchables’ . The untouchables were seen as the lowest rank in society’s hierarchal structure and therefore they were outcasted and not associated with. By Ghandi’s encouragement and acceptance of the untouchables into the communal farm despite the protests of his followers he showed his belief that all people were equal. Mahatma Ghandi’s approach to protest became popular within society and rapidly he accumulated hundreds of followers, ? hting united with the same intention which was further reason why Ghandi achieved Indian Independence. â€Å"Mass civil disobedience is like an earthquake†, said Ghandi. This same principal which Ghandi proposed and then employed into every protest project he was involved in, is reason why he was such a successful leader. Despite Mahatma Ghandi’s direct action to empower individuals to stand up for what they believe in in South African and India , Ghandi inspired the whole world to do the same. The actions and principles that he utilized resulted in the global empowerment of individuals.His ethics and protesting strategies are still seen in present political rebellion. Mahatma Ghandi was a highly successful leader because he was able see injustices within society, which others experienced and encourage and enforce society to passively yet affectively ? ght in solidarity for positive change. The New Oxford American Dictionary de? nes leadership as ; the ability to lead skillfully. Mahatma Ghandi’s most prominent quality was his leadership, his superior leadership style was the main reason for his successes.There are many diverse leadership styles, such as ; Task-orientated, People-orientated, Autocratic, Collaborative/Democratic, Laissez-faire, Transformational and Cultural. Each of these leadership styles present a leader with varying leadership skills which effect the dynamics and productivity of group members. A transformational leader, such as Ghandi maintains a focus on teamwork and initiative. They provide direction and a goal for the group to achieve and encourage and empower the group members in achieving the goal.As leaders they utilise lateral thinking, promote individual growth and development and group decision making and keep the group focused and productive in reaching their goals by giving regular feedback. Transformational leaders are deeply involved in the group and are constantly enthusiastic and energetic about the input of individuals. This generates a trusting environment where group members feel comfortable to cooperate with group members. Mahatma Ghandi’s transformational leadership style was evident throughout his lifetime, despite the varying group and situation.When analysing his successes, in . particularly his ? ght for equality in South Africa between Indians and the ‘Whites’ . He was extremely involved with the Indian Society a nd produced a clear vision for Indian integration within South African Society. He was deeply involved in his group and worked enthusiastically with each member, encouraging them to strive to achieve a common goal. The reason why he was so successful is because he was able to maintain and initiate intimate relationships with the hundreds of his followers, he empowered each of them to ? ht for ‘satyagraha’ by acknowledging each of their inputs. Individuals that were part of Ghandi’s group felt involved, valued and liberated. Being part of Ghandi’s group promoted individual development. People associated with Ghandi’s group were instilled with Ghandi’s teaching of self belief, discipline and most importantly determination to attain their goals, by non-violence, non-cooperation and self sustenance. There are varying factors which in? uenced Ghandi’s transformational leadership style. The two most dominant in? uences were his culture and n ature of the group.Mahatma Ghandi was of Indian culture, this fact was reason why he was so motivated to gain Indian independence, and the segregation of Indians into South African Society. As an Indian in society, Ghandi’s environment exposed him to racial discrimination and verbal abuse and this consequently effected his growth and development. Ghandi’s resilience and egalitarian nature stemmed from the injustices he experienced, and played a signi? cant role in motivating Ghandi to achieve racial justice. Ghandi’s followers and members of the group were also Indian.Due to the fact that he and his followers shared the same culture ,they experienced the same mistreatment , discrimination and general way of life. Each of these individuals could relate to one another and this was the unifying force. Ghandi was therefore able to lead Indians based on the passion they both shared for racial equality. The nature of the group, refers to quality of relationship that t he leader obtains with the individuals part of the the group. Depending on the level of quality that the relationships hold e. g. High-quality or poor quality, leaders can be respected and have more in? ence over the members. Leaders are more likely to have high quality relationships in groups that are informal because members are able to interact positively and more openly; this was Ghandi’s case. Ghandi was able to maintain high quality relationships with the members in his groups and because of this he gained higher respect and had more in? uence over his followers. Mahatma Ghandi was a highly effective leader because he was able to lead his thousands of followers in achieving a common goal. Ghandi’s effectiveness as a leader can be measured by the successfulness of his visions.Ghandi set out to achieve Indian Independence and Racial equality in South africa and he was successful. In the process of achieving his goals, he empowered nations around the world to challe nge their governments if they had a problem and ? ght to ? x it. This shows that Ghandi was an overachiever, because he did more than he set out to and therefore was a highly effective leader. Ghandi’s strengths were his; ? De? nite purpose – Ghandi maintained a vision and a set way he was going to achieve this. His goals had purpose and so did his actions towards achieving his goals. Self Discipline – He believed that exercising his self discipline strengthened his commitment to achieve his goals. ?Integrity – He was honest about the way he lived and his beliefs , he believed that believing something and not living it was lying. He would rather have been prosecuted for his beliefs then denying them and this was sometimes the case. He stated â€Å" To believe in something, and not to live it, is dishonest†. ?Related to people – he made an effort to truly understand people, thus instilling motivation in him to achieve his goals, not only for what is right but for what the people wanted.He had an extensive understanding of the human psychology and used it along with his public relation skills. ?Self Belief and faith – He believed in himself and had faith that he could attain success. ?Flexibility – he changed his strategies and methods of challenging his oppositions to suit the situation and in turn increased the effectiveness. ?Resilience – despite setbacks he wasn’t deterred from achieving his goals, in fact he was more motivated; he learnt from his mistakes. ?Spirituality – He promoted love and peace in times when another leader would have made a call to arms. Determination ? Persistence ? Focus ? Will to ? ght for his beliefs ? Unconcern of what others thought of his actions, or how he dressed. ?The fact that he was prosecuted by authorities and publicly shamed in some circumstances did not deter him from achieving his goals. Evidently Mahatma Ghandi presented an exemplary leader b ecause of his effectiveness which came from his individual characteristics. However like every leader there are weaknesses, although Mahatma Ghandi’s weaknesses were insigni? cant, and didn’t majorly impact upon his effectiveness, they still existed.An example of this was Mahatma Ghandi’s experiments in ‘Brahamacharya’ . Gandhi became a brahamachari (celibate) when he was thirty-six. He conducted experiments in Brahamacharya which he used to develop his ability to conquer sexual feelings. Although this act was innocent through Ghandi’s eyes, he was highly criticised for it and it became a very controversial issue. He apparently slept with numerous women in order to test Brahamacharya and see if he had mastered celibacy. This event showed weakness in Ghandi as leader, because he made a commitment to elibacy, however afterwards he had sex with women in order to see if he had mastered celibacy. This act caused some of Ghandi’s followers to lack respect in him because he was no a longer a man that refrained himself of intercourse , even through he made a commitment to do so. As a leader, Ghandi created a unique style of ? ghting for what he believed in, which he referred to as ‘Satyagraha’ . As stated previously in the essay this theory that Ghandi proposed ,meant ‘truth force’ and becoming a ‘Satyagrahi’ meant a ? hter for the truth. His way of resolving and managing con? ict was in? uenced by his belief in ‘Satyagraha’. This meant that individuals were encouraged to ? ght for the truth but in doing so it had to be in a civilised manner. Ghandi is well known globally for his method of opposing the government by civil disobedience and passive resistance. This method was carried out passively, and people that employed this method were encouraged to do so in way that did not harm, violate or create violence with others, even their enemies.Ghandi’s theory enfor ced communicating your message in a peaceful and civilised manner, which is why he is so highly respected. When con? ict arose within his group or between his followers, he encouraged that they settle the dispute in a civilised manner but also effectively communicating their feelings. He encouraged that his followers didn’t simply give up but rather made sure that their opponents knew how they felt in order to understand where they were coming from. He stated â€Å" Never give in. Never. Never. Never. Never†. This mentality of Ghandi’s was re? cted in his methods of government opposition. He used passive methods such as sit-ins, boycotts, blockades and occupations of buildings, tax refusal, and alternative publications and media. More active forms of passive resistance include strikes, walkouts, protest marches, theatrical protests, and hunger strikes. Ghandi was also an advocate of forgiveness, so if there were disputes or disagreements of any kind within his g roup he encouraged his followers to forgive the other which further re? ected Ghandi’s philosophy of love, peace and forgiveness between people of religions, races and beliefs.In order for Mahatma Ghandi to have achieved leadership he followed a path which lead him to becoming a leader. Initially Ghandi started ? ghting for the improvements of Indian rights by himself, and through this process he started to gain members which shared Ghandi’s goal. As Ghandi fought for racial equality he caught the attention of others, the media and the authorities. He became well known and during this process, as people began to become familiar with Ghandi and his vision they too joined him, and his members grew and grew.He was not appointed leader by his followers, he was assumed leader. This was the same case in the instance of Ghandi ? ghting for Indian independence in India. He was able to see, by himself that it was wrong for the British to rule India and afterward with the in? ue nce of others acknowledging the same fact he gained members that shared his beliefs and also wanted independence. This then lead . Bibliography: New Oxford american dictionary – accessed from May 18 – 19. http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/leadership Accessed May 19 , 7:10 pm. ttp://www. mensxp. com/work-life/corporate-skills/3140-leadership-style-ofmahatma-gandhi-. html Accessed May 20 , 9 :30 am. . http://www. guide-to-employee-motivation. com/gandhi. html Accessed May 20, 9 :40 am. http://www. scribd. com/Kunwar23/d/6977301-Leadership-Style-of-MahatmaGandhi Accessed May 20, 10:02 am http://www. kamat. com/mmgandhi/day_with_gandhi. htm Accessed May 20, 11:21 am. . http://www. encyclopedia. com/topic/passive_resistance. aspx Accessed May 20 , 11: 42 am. http://civilresistance. info/ostergaard Accessed May 20 , 12 pm ttp://www. sikhtimes. com/books_020278a. html Accessed May 20 , 1:18 pm. . http://www. mightystudents. com/essay/Compare. strengths. weaknesses. 899 58 Accessed May 20, 1:26 pm. http://www. nndb. com/people/653/000065458/ Accessed May 20, 2:00pm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dalit Accessed 2:13 pm. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ . Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi Accessed May 20, 2:14 pm. http://www. sahistory. org. za/politics-and-society/anti-indianlegislation-1800s-1959 Accessed May 20 , 2:20pm http://www. skwirk. com. u/p-c_s-14_u-309_t-761_c-2862/historical-inquirypeople-motive-and-consequences/ nsw/historical-inquiry-peoplemotive-and-consequences/ investigating-history/historicalinquiry Accessed May 20 , 2: 55 pm . http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/keywords/power. html Accessed May 20, 3:21 pm Ghandi The peaceful revolutionary Anna Claybourne 2002 White Thomson Publishing Ltd. The wisdom Of Ghandi Trudy S. Settel 1995. . to Ghandi once again being assumed leader however never of? cially being appointed leader. In a differing case however, in 1919 Ghandi became an active member of the National Indian Congress and was of? cial ly appointed a leader.He was asked to join the National Indian Congress because his struggle for Indian Civil rights was successful, his ‘satyagraha’ campaign aroused interest and his general ability to effect great social change without employing violence. To conclude it is clear that Mahatma Ghandi was an exemplary leader. What made him such a good leader were his personal characteristics, his style of leadership and how he chose to utilise them in order to achieve his goals. It is evident that Ghandi was a successful leader because he was able to work collaboratively with his group in achieving a common goal being Indian civil rights and Independence. .

Check Point Week 2 Criminal Justice

CheckPointCrime Reporting and Rates Response| Write a 200- to 300-word response in which you address the following questions:What is the purpose of major crime-reporting programs? What makes a successful crime-reporting program in the United States? * How do crime rates relate to arrest rates and clearance rates? Is there a way to improve the correlation between crime rates, arrest rates, and clearance rates in the effort to combat criminal activity? Post your response as an attachment. | According to the text, â€Å"Crime statistics provide an overview of criminal activity. If used properly, a statistical picture of crime can serve as a powerful tool for creating social policy. Decision makers at all levels, including legislators, other elected officials, and administrators throughout the criminal justice system, rely on crime data to analyze and evaluate existing programs, to fashion and design new crime-control initiatives, to develop funding requests, and to plan new laws and crime control legislation. Many â€Å"get tough† policies, such as the three-strikes movement that swept the country during the 1990s, have been based in large part on the measured ineffectiveness of existing programs to reduce the incidence of repeat offending. † (chapter 2 Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, Eleventh Edition, by Frank Schmalleger. Published by Prentice Hall. ) The clearance rate is calculated by dividing the number of crimes that are cleared by the total number of crimes recorded. Clearance rates can be very problematic for measuring the performance of the police services and for comparing different police services and this is possible because different police forces may employ a different way of measuring clearance rates. I think the number of clearance rates will vary depending on the crime rates in the precinct, reported or unreported. The crime rates relate to arrest rates as indicted by the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and possibly the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). There is no official predictor for criminal activity, however the higher the crime rate the higher the arrest rate. Greater population areas lend themselves to higher crime rates, although clearance rates are generally uniform across the nation with regard to particular crimes. There is an anomaly in criminology that shows increased arrests reduce crime but it is more of a measurement error because of the corollary where more arrests necessitate an increase in criminal activity as witnessed and/or reported.

Compare and contrast perfect competition and monopolistic competition Essay

Compare and contrast perfect competition and monopolistic competition. Also Explain how equilibrium is determined in the Keynesian Income Expenditure - Essay Example nother very important characteristic of the Monopolistic competition is that each firm tries to create difference in its product from the other by advertising, propaganda, attractive packing, nice smile, etc. The entry of new firms in the monopolistically competition industry is relatively easy. There are no barriers of new firms to enter the product group or leave the industry in the long run. In perfect competition model, it was assumed that there was large number of firms producing homogenous product. In the case of monopoly, there was only one seller of a product. Both these models were thus polar extremes and were considered satisfactory for the market price analysis in economic theory. Under perfect competition, the demand curve which an individual seller has to face is perfectly elastic, i.e. it runs parallel to the base axis. The competitive seller being unable to affect the market price sells its output at the prevailing market price. Hence marginal revenue equals the price of the product. The average-revenue is identical to its marginal revenue. Thus under perfect competition MR=AR=Price and the three curves coincide and are perfectly elastic. This is, however, not the case under monopoly. The monopolist is the sole supplier of a product in the market. He has full powers to make decisions about the pricing of his product. He is a price taker. If he lowers the unit price of his product, his’ sale is increased, if he raises the price, he will not lose his entire sale (Lawrence). The simple Keynesian income expenditure model builds two main suppositions: 1. Prices, incomes and the attention rate are all settled 2- production is demand determined –extra capability will be employed by firms to provide as a great deal output as clientele desire to

Cross-Cultural Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cross-Cultural Management - Assignment Example Mr. Keat also urged those who are interested in art and crafts and those who can write to engage the government for grants to fund their projects aimed at promoting the Chinese culture. He pointed out that art is one of the major avenues of promoting a culture (Zengkun, 2013). The Singaporean Chinese Teachers’ Union president, Madam Lian Hwee Eng, implored the stakeholders to lower the restrictions barring a huge number of students from pursuing Higher Chinese studies. She opined that it is chiefly through education that people can be able to fully understand their own culture and that of others and that teachers play a central role and should be lauded for their efforts (Zengkun, 2013). Looking back at the event, I cannot help but get puzzled by the sentiments of the leaders addressing that forum advocating for the promotion of a single culture without a show of neutrality. Singapore is a multi-cultured country which is in transition to develop a single national identity like the majority of other countries (Lee, 2010). This is largely due to the fact that most of the people occupying it are not the natives. The majority of the population had their ancestors immigrate to Singapore from elsewhere in the world. According toYoursingapore.com (2014), the Malays are the natives yet they comprise only 13.3% of the population. Typically, the Singaporean population is comprised of 74.2% Chinese, 13.3% Malays, 9.2% Indians and the rest 3.3% is made up of Eurasians (Lee, 2010). This cultural diversity is further compounded by the presence of many expatriates in the country, most of whom are workers. It is alleged that 42% of the current population is made up of expatriates ( Tamney, 1996). Given this complex cultural mix, in my opinion, it is only fair that nature be allowed to take its course. It is not right to promote one culture at the expense of others especially if the culture is a dominant one. Of

Impact of ICT on Every Aspect of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Impact of ICT on Every Aspect of Life - Essay Example ICTs have connected the people together through social networking provided by mobile phones, personal computers and internet. People are able to help each other and even get married by means of this electronic means of interaction. Distance doesn’t matter since people are only a phone call away from each other. This way people travel more often for business or pleasure and still manage to stay connected at office or home. International trade has been increased with the help of information and communication technologies. This global trade includes goods and services being exchanged among different nations. Service industries which especially include public relations and public communication management have also experienced high growth in productivity and profitability by adopting ICTs (Sapprasert 2010). Call centers and software houses are the most successful examples of international trade taking place in terms of services. Thus, the developed countries get their required serv ices at a very low rate while the developing and underdeveloped countries benefit from the foreign trade which brings earning opportunities and reduces poverty for them. The interdependency of different economies resulting through globalization has also brought challenges along with its benefits; such challenges include the current economic crisis worldwide, internet scams, etc.

Viewpoints of each anthropologists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Viewpoints of each anthropologists - Essay Example Specific jobs allotted to men and women, who according to their natural skills and behavior; fulfill them. People make culture through their inclinations and behavior. The most influencing human beings in any society impose their thoughts; not only through their words but also through their actions; which they believe in. Literature and arts depict the deep understanding and believes; in a cultural system. This not only provides the formula of kinship but also determines the prohibitions in different scenarios. Incest prohibition; for an instance is a natural law or a socio-cultural decorum, developed later, anthropologist and ethno historians’ researches show perplexed statements about it. However, it is present since the oldest times, Huron people prohibited cousin marriage. Communication of thoughts and ideas conveyed from one generation to the other defines the general behavior or attitude of people in a cultural system. Levis ideology may sound obscure at the time it was presented, but as the time passed; it became essentially acceptable by Anthropologist of modern era. Ethics and behavior play a great role in balancing a society. Norms act as unspoken rules and therefore people obey them to sustain the balance. People try to understand these customs through their close relations. Therefore relations are necessary for people to understand a cultural system. People usually assert age or sex in mind to judge or predict; less understood relations. Levi didn’t use the notion of relations directly, but used nature and culture which molds a person in a certain cultural system. Nature doesnt nourish what requires by a society; but culture does make a person aware of implications around or on him. Although the importance of relationships, especially blood relations and their direct impact through interaction with other kin of the family may effect adversely if they are not structurally in correct order. However, the incest is not

Statistic Project Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statistic - Statistics Project Example Significant difference in mode and median among of BMI among men and women suggests that the two data sets have different distributions. BMI of men is more concentrated along the mean of the data set, because of the closeness between mean, mode and median, as compares to the statistics for women’s BMI. Standard deviations and variances for the two data sets confirms suggested differences in distribution of the two data sets. Men’s BMI have a lower standard deviation and this means that the data are more concentrated around the mean than data for women’ BMI. This is further evident in the range that is lower for women’s data. Nature of the distribution that the values of mean, mode and median suggest, is also evident in the skewedness’ values. Even though the data sets are skewed towards one direction, the skewedness is greater in women. These statistics shows that despite the average similarity in BMI among men and women, frequency of men’s BMI increases with increase in BMI while that of women’s BMI decreases with increase in BMI. Based on the three analyses, it can be concluded that med have larger waists than women though this changes at old age and that people’s waist increased up to mid age and then declines slightly before increasing again. A majority f people have their cholesterol levels lower than 300 and trends in BMI differ between men and women but with equivalent

Ecotourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ecotourism - Essay Example Both cultural and natural resources are affected by the pollution. Water supply, coral reefs heritage sites, and beaches are affected through overuse. Littering, traffic emissions, increased noise, and sewerage production are some of the disadvantages that come with high tourism activities. Tourists have, in recent times, become jaded with destinations which they have been traditionally visiting over the years, and the current trend is visiting the rarely visited destinations which they feel are exciting. These places include; the Antarctica, Easter Islands, Galapagos Island, the Siberian Tundra, the Borneo forest, Papua New Guinea and the Amazon Rainforest. These destinations offer the best sites for ecotourism and are big sources of income to the revenue authorities of the countries they are found in. However, the carbon emissions that occur in the process of getting access to these areas and the infrastructure required to cater for tourists impacts natural surroundings. In the Similan Islands and Great Barrier Reef, divers try by all means to be careful not to damage the natural setting. They however take too many learners to the important aquatic resources. The learners disturb the natural resources by damaging the corals and polluting the natural habitats. Tourists in National Parks in Africa use jeeps. In many instances, occupants of these jeeps litter the parks, which may lead to poisoning and deterioration of the park’s natural environment and disturbs the animals’ natural feeding patterns. Despite the money earned from tour charges in such parks, the disadvantage comes about when such pollution leads to reduced numbers of game animals due to effects of environmental deterioration that force animals to move away. Tourism also brings income when beaches are visited. There are, however, not enough resources to cater for the needs of all the visitors. In such cases, refuse disposal and

International Estate Planning Benchmark Assignment 8 Coursework

International Estate Planning Benchmark Assignment 8 - Coursework Example On the other hand, it is advisable for Cynthia to set up a trust benefit for her sons in the United States; this is because her children are likely to succeed her in running the business that is already in partnership. The benefit trust secures the business in legal angles. United States has set legal policies that consider foreign citizens. For instance, the fact that all states of the United States approve that definite asset of a debtor ought to and resolve to be protected from creditors. This and among other policies safeguard U.S citizens who have set up a business in foreign in countries. In addition, she cannot opt for Brazil as it is clear that the powers and responsibilities of trustees and the privileges of beneficiaries are recognized and applied to the laws of United States and not in Brazil. In fact, there is no country has that has better political stability more than the United States (Feldstein,

Marketing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy - Research Paper Example Small and medium scale enterprises have shown strong needs to purchase business (specifical accounting ) software in order hasten and make more accurate current manual accounting business transactions. Such companies have back offices where accounting and bookkeeping (Larson, 1995) services are being processed. The medium and larger companies do need software that can make their tasks easier. When the accounting system is accurate and is updated constantly by the computer, then the customers and suppliers will know, as soon as possible (ASAP), what the daily business problems are so that remedies that will lessen the damage done will be put in place earlier. This is where Sage comes to the rescue. Sage will help, in a big way, the small and medium rate industries with their bookkeeping needs and accounting functions. The software, however, is being purchased by some the small companies. Based on the above, the company has been very successful with the present marketing strategy (Thompson, 1999). The income statement clearly shows that there is its present income has been on the rise. Because the present strategy is on the right track, then we will now be implementing a new strategy will be discussed below. This strategy is called Resource based marketing (Kinnear, 1996) strategy. According to Sage Chairman Michael Jackson, Individuals in Sage are being treated very highly and respected as a person. Sage company is constantly invented new products and new processes for its large customers’ activities.

Managing Change at Cox's Container Company Essay

Managing Change at Cox's Container Company - Essay Example It is also clear from the case study that the company faced change resistance from employees. In addition, the employees lacked the current skills and knowledge necessary to understand the budgeting system. This paper will analyse the challenges facing Cox Container Company and provide alternative solutions to the problems. In addition, the most suitable recommendations will also be proposed. Finally, the plan of action will be outlined on how the recommendations can be implemented. According to Huczynski & Buchanan (2013, p.6), organisational behaviour explains the conduct of individuals in a company. It is the social conduct of people that trigger them to act and live in groups. In order to maintain collaboration and attain goals, some form of structural associations has to be created. On the other hand, the organisation is a social system of co-ordination that is created to expand personal achievement that is aimed at goal attainment. The organisational behaviour is a reflection of actions and attitudes exhibited by employees in an organisation. From the case study, the organisational behaviour of Cox Container Company is developed by the fact that the employees are from the same ethnic background. From this perspective, the employees share same values and meanings held by the community, and this influences their actions. In addition, the culture is reflected in the attitudes and conduct of people or groups. A perfect example of how people share a common culture act is revealed in the operation department. In this case, the personnel working in the production department are seen to jealously to guard the independence they enjoy under their long-serving manager. The advantage of this form of organisational behaviour is that the company can attain its goals and objectives through staff loyalty. The individuals working in the company share a similar perception, therefore,

The Subiaco Centro project (Transit-oriented develepments) Research Proposal

The Subiaco Centro project (Transit-oriented develepments) - Research Proposal Example The project is aimed to expand the land usage opportunities in the Subiaco area and balance and complement the existing community fabric, while promoting alternative transport usage. Following are some of planning innovations that went into the project: Transit oriented development Community engagement Affordable housing Heritage conservation Reason for the selection of the topic: In the past, developmental design in the city of Perth has largely been oriented towards mobility through cars and other automobiles. However, with the development of the Subiaco-Centro project, this focus has now shifted from car-friendly planning to development that is grounded not only in land usage policies but also on the principle of actively pursuing the opportunities of transit-oriented development. This shift in focus has come with a significant challenges as well as opportunities, and the primary reason that I have selected this subject for my research is the fact that it presents a wide array of topics that need exploration. Since this project is not only focused on the creation of a safe, sustainable and harmonious city, there is also a major emphasize on re-inventing the city’s transportation system and provide easy and equal access to different modes of transportation. In this regard, the concept of transit-oriented has given rise to a lot of issues and I intend to not only study and research the various opportunities that have arisen due to this, but also explore the various obstacles that have been a part of this project. In the course of my research, I intend to study the following: The vision behind this project and the significance of creating development around public transportation. Current transport infrastructure designs. The need and demand for transit-oriented development design in Perth. The Socio-Economic effects of this type of development. The opportunities presented by maintaining a balance between high level of transit accessibility and land usage providing affordable housing. The research paper will take from current existing literature on these topics and compare the trending opinions with what has happened/is happening in Perth, and how it will effect the population, environment and economy of the city. Potential Sources of Information: Journal Articles: Theoretical discussions about the topic, cast studies documenting other instances of TOD in different countries etc. Reports/Other Documents: SRA planning schemes, Subiaco Redevelopment Act 1994, project information, Scheme texts/maps Websites: Subiaco Redevelopment Authority, Western Australian Planning Commission, City of Subiaco Proposed Structure of the Paper: 1. Introduction – A discussion about the fundamentals issues examined in the paper 2. Transit-oriented development in the Subi-centro project - A discussion about the history of TOD, the motivation behind incorporating it into Perth’s developmental designs, the vision behind the plans. - The Key pl ayers (Dept. of planning, private investors, SRA) - The objectives of the Subi-Centro project (in terms of development centred around transit modes in Perth) 3. The Obstacles and Opportunities arising due to TOD - A discussion about the demand for TOD in Perth - The attitudes of the residents of the city about this change of developmental designs. (Through a discussion of stakeholder interviews conducted

Controversial Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Controversial - Research Paper Example mostly people who migrate illegally to other countries are mostly from third world counties to look for better lives in the developed countries for example the Mexicans migrate from Mexico and sneak their way into the USA statistics shows that more than twelve million immigrants live in the USA , but this can be a tough and a hard journey and it is not guaranteed that everybody will reach their destination some of them always end up dying because of cold weather and others fall in the rap of border patrols. Effects of immigration The effects of immigrants in the USA are: Economic theory states that there could be possible effects on the employment and wages of domestic workers, trade between USA and other countries, growth rate and the economy of the country, and the prices that Americans pay for goods and services. Given the broad range of these effects,. The evidence presented depends on theoretical understandings of the likely effects. This principal relies on discussion of immigr ation's likely impact on domestic labor markets. This treatment highlights the main understandings from economic analysis about the effects of immigration. While our primer is written principally for no economists, economists may also be fascinated in the panel's judgment about what the essential truths are. The level of crime has also increased due to illegal immigration. For example, in USA it is believed that Mexicans control the drug industry and they are also in gangs that commit crimes within the country. They gain entrance to the country and then they get fake documents and through this they commit a lot of crime in the country. In some countries, immigrants are the ones who plant bombs and leads to death of the citizens then they flee without trace How immigration can be controlled Various governments and experts have come up with different solutions. For example the Italian Interior Minister suggested a six month legal authorization that it hoped will stem the flow of illeg al immigration and at the same time reduces the cost on the part of the Italian government. The Minister estimates that with his suggestion many immigrants will come into the country through the government system fairly than through exploiting gangs. Also Swedish government has already specified that they will not limit the movement of immigrants through its borders when the new member states join the European Union. The governments stand is based on the European Union act that permits all members freedom of movement within member states. The Swedish government contemplates that the added labor coming from the eastern countries will develop the Swedish economy. It does not plan to limit movement but control it. Governments like the British, French and the Germans have called for tauter border controls with non-European member states. The trinity see this as the main way of regulatory the incursion of immigrants. Under the European Union legislation on immigration, immigrants are ess ential to apply for asylum at their first point of entry. The British government proposed having immigration and asylum centers outside the European Union were claims will be managed in one of those enroute countries. If the plan is largely accepted it is hoped that it will help redistribute more fairly the number of immigrants in Europe. Britain has long been the ideal choice of immigrants coming into the European Unio

IT Company and Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IT Company and Globalization - Essay Example This report aims to offer an insight into the effort of an organisation to maintain its sustainability with the development of different marketing strategies to retain the pertaining competitive advantages and introduce new advantages over the competitors. The strategies have been discussed in light with the relative theories. Information technology has been a significant influential factor to shape up any company’s presence in the global market. As the numbers of elements in the business network have been increasing, maintaining the relationship between the elements has been becoming more and more difficult. This report aims to explore the contribution of the information technology to offer a sustainable position in the international business environment. A conclusion has been inferred from the analysis of the organisation’s marketing strategies to the enhancement and evolvement of new competitive advantages. Skype has brought revolution in the world of communication. Globally, a huge number of people use their product to make free audio and video calls, share files with other users, worldwide. The organisation was institutionalised in the year of 2003. Based in Luxemburg, the organisation has its offices in the Europe, United States and Asia regions. In the third quarter of the year 2009, the Skype users made 3.1 billion minutes of calls to various landlines and mobiles, spread worldwide. This leading internet communication company has reported of 20 million people to be online in the pick hours. The wide range of products and services has given Skype to be one of the leaders in global internet communications medium. â€Å"What’s most important, however, is what Skype can do. Voice and video calling, IM and SMS are now available on a wide range of operating systems and mobile devices† (Skype, n.d.). Skype has been software to bind the world in a single thread. This has bee n quite appreciated to help the people to cut on their costs as they are now

Legalized marijuana in medicine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legalized marijuana in medicine - Research Paper Example The history and role of marijuana in our society, cultivation, medical benefits and its eventual prohibition by the federal government has been a subject of controversy, mystery and propaganda. Despite being legal for medical use in 13 states the federal government still classifies marijuana as a Schedule I Controlled Substance under the 1970 Controlled Substance Act. By their own definition a Schedule I substance is classified as; being highly addictive in nature, possesses no medical accepted medical use, and there is a lack of accepted safety for medical use of the drug or substance even under medical supervision, yet research has proven that none of this assumptions are true. As a matter of fact despite the mounting body of scientific and anecdotal evidence suggesting the medical and therapeutic benefits of medical cannabis the federal government refuses to recognize the medicinal value of cannabis. Regardless of the fact that cannabis has been proven to be safer and more effecti ve than a variety of drugs the federal government continues to maintain its unreasonable stance on marijuana prohibition. The financial personal and social costs of prohibition have been great for the public in general that are unfortunate enough to get arrested in a marijuana related incident. Furthermore the goals of prohibition have not being achieved since prohibition has created a black that market increases crime rate drugs availability. As matter of fact it is easier for a minor to buy marihuana than legal drugs such as tobacco or alcohol since distribution is not regulated like for alcohol and tobacco and which directly has caused marihuana to be easier to obtain for has not fallen and has been utterly ineffective at reducing crime rates or hard drug use. The real reasons for marijuana prohibition have nothing to do with the inherent safety of the drug itself, but are directly influenced by the economic impact that

2.Does motivation to work vary from culture to culture Discuss the Essay

2.Does motivation to work vary from culture to culture Discuss the applicability of one content theory of motivation and of one process theory of motivation to your national culture - Essay Example behavior, the more able the manager will be in influencing subordinates’ behavior to make it more consistent with the organization goals and objectives. Human beings are driven by one thing or another, in order to do something. This driving force is the reason why they would do something. This driving force is basically what we term as ‘motivation’. Motivation is the desire to do anything. It is one of the most important of the factors that lead us to perform a task. It is the inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal (Certo and Certo, 2013). Motivation is also seen as a set of processes that stimulate, direct and maintain human behavior towards achieving a particular goal (Di Cesare and Sadri, 2003) Persuaded individuals are the individuals who have settled on a conscious choice to dedicate significant exertion to attaining something that they esteem. What they esteem will vary enormously starting with one singular then onto the next. Some individuals might be motivated by monetary factors involved in accomplishing a task while others might be driven by non-monetary factors (Erez et al, 2012). Monetary factors are those elements in a job that result in the individual getting rewarded in form of money such as salary, bonuses, fringe benefits etc. Non monetary factors are also called intrinsic factors and are those that are closely linked to a person’s satisfaction and hence these include appreciation, recognition, delegation and relationship with colleagues (Lehto and Landry, 2012). Both of these factors play an important role in motivating a person to perform a job. If the right motivators are used to stimulate individuals to work, there is a high probability that the wo rk performed will be effective and efficient. This is because the individual is happy and wants to show the same love and affection towards the job and the organization. The token of appreciation from the individual’s side is

BUSINESS CHALLENGES Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

BUSINESS CHALLENGES - Research Paper Example The kind of foods offered in these restaurants include soups, spaghetti, salads, fried salmon, field mushroom risotto, pork, rack of lamb, desserts such as farmhouse cheese and biscuits, coffee, wine among others. Some of the restaurants in United States are Bar Louie, Primebar, One North, Red Star Tavern, Bluepoint, The Grillroom, Townhouse and Midtown Kitchen (Restaurants America 2009). Restaurants in the United States have different features ranging from construction materials to food service and location. They offer customers with power lunches, business meeting points and late night cocktails (Restaurants America 2009). A case in point is Grillroom which is an urban chophouse and wine bar. Others offer inviting, intimate and warm atmosphere for lunch and dinner with families and friends created by wood paneled and flagstone walls, captivating artwork, oversized curved leather booths and an open kitchen system (Restaurants America 2009). A good example is Red Star Tavern. Looking at employment in the restaurant industry, most entry-level jobs in this sector need slight or no previous training and basic tasks often can be learned in a short time (Ingram and Joel 68-102). Restaurant managers and many division heads, for instance a head chef, usually need some formal training, or years of hospitality industry know-how, or both. All positions in this business need employees to uphold a customer-service direction. Almost all workers in the restaurant business in United States undertake some on-the-job training provided under the supervision of an experienced employee or manager to become accustomed to new employees to any exceptional characteristics of the property or the local area. The restaurant market is projected to see a rise in the number of restaurants in the United States. Many of these newer restaurants are being established in the suburbs where a growing population is more and more

Family Medical Leave Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Family Medical Leave Act - Research Paper Example The FMLA also protects employees who take leave to care for a sick parent or child, and who take leave for a serious illness of their own. However, while the FMLA is a definitively a positive thing for individuals who need to care for a newborn or adopted child, it is often not taken, because the employer does not have to pay the employee during leave, and, in the case of taking leave for â€Å"serious† illnesses, the FMLA is often abused by employees who simply do not want to come to work. Furthermore, the employer does not have to give leave, depending on the size of the employer and the status of the employee. If the employee and the employer fit the criteria in the law, then the employer is required to give leave for legitimate reasons, such as caring for a newborn or adopted child. However, there are always cases of employers firing the employees anyway, and, in these cases, employees do have certain rights. This project will explain what the FMLA is, how it protects men and women from being fired for taking care of newborns, how the law is abused by employees, how employers may circumvent the statute, and what rights employees have when they are unlawfully terminated for taking protected leave. The Family Medical Leave Act. ... In 2010, the FMLA was expanded to include members of the military who are deployed to a foreign country, and for veterans who need to undergo medical treatment, recuperation or therapy. The requirements for employees who want to take advantage of the FMLA are that the employee must have worked for the employer for a total of 12 months, the employee must have actively worked for the employer at least 1,250 hours in the past 12 months, and that the employer has at least 50 employees (Jones, 2012). Although, with regards to parental leave, the FMLA allows both mothers and fathers to take leave, one of the focuses of the Act, according to Grossman (2004), is to specifically protect women from discrimination. This is because, unlike men, women have historically been subjected to discriminatory practices, as states have enacted laws which have discouraged mothers from working outside the home. Such laws cited by Grossman (2004) included an Illinois law which prohibited women from the law p rofession; Michigan, which prohibited women from tending bar; Oregon, which limited the number of hours that women could work in certain environments; and Florida, which prohibited women from serving as jurors. Moreover, as Grossman (2004) notes, even after each of these laws were challenged, and struck down, by the United States Supreme Court, discrimination against women still remained, in that women often were not allowed to take administrative leave to care for children. The FMLA was designed to combat this discrimination against women, and it has been combined with the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, explained below, to ensure that women are allowed to keep their jobs after having given birth to

Standard Deviation use in the Business World Essay Example for Free

Standard Deviation use in the Business World Essay Abstract This paper evaluates the role of standard deviation in business. As part of the evaluation, a brief summary of five different peer reviewed papers has been presented. Topics such as, the purpose of the study, the research questions, the hypothesis of the study, and the main findings of the study for the five papers, have been summarized by each of the learning team members. Standard Deviation use in the Business World Standard Deviation is a statistical measurement that shows how data are spread above and below the mean. The square root of the variance is the standard deviation (Cleaves, Hobbs, Noble, 2012). It plays a key role in business management, with one of its benefits being that it simplifies the determination of variability in a given symmetrical data set. In this paper, the role of Standard Deviation in business has been presented by means of summarizing five peer-reviewed papers. Summary of Paper 1 In order to understand the role of standard deviation in business world, the first paper reviewed is on the topic ‘Risk: An uncommon deviation’, by Scott, D (2006). Standard deviation has a critical role to play in evaluating the risks involved in the field of business investments. Below is the summary of the findings from the paper: Purpose of the Study The paper focused on understanding the role of using standard deviation in estimating the risks involved in investments. According to Scott (2006), historically few, if any, real world investors naturally think in terms of standard deviations when they think about risk. The traditional risk models did not take into account standard deviation. In this paper, the author has evaluated the impact of using standard deviation in enhancing risk management strategies. Research Questions The key questions discussed within this paper are 1. Does use of standard deviation help in estimating all possible outcomes involved in business investments? 2. Does use of standard deviation help in mitigating risks? Hypothesis The hypothesis used in the paper is that the risk in the real world includes a set of situations and outcomes that no model can ever capture and no statistic can ever express. However, the usage of standard deviation can possibly help in building a more predictable risk management strategy. Findings of the study Below are the findings of the study 1. Standard deviation can help in predicting many of the possible risks, but there will always be rogue risks, which are very hard to predict. Risk that can be modeled mathematically is only part of the risk. However, standard deviation can help in greatly enhancing the traditional risk evaluation models, since most of the times the performance outcomes stay within the realms of a normal distribution (Scott, 2006). 2. It is essential to diversity the risk management techniques used. According to Scott (2006), it is essential to pay attention to correlation coefficients, covariance matrices and other statistical analyses by all means, but also assess the actual financial exposure to any one issuer, economic happening or institutional structure. 3. Challenge those whose professional training encourages them to equate risk and standard deviation (Scott, 2006). Summary of Paper 2 The second paper chosen is titled â€Å"Implied Standard Deviations and Post-earnings Announcement Volatility† by Acker, D (2002). Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to investigate if there is increase in volatility of stock prices following annual earnings announcements. The study is using implied standard deviations (ISDs), which are derived from option prices to establish the day-by-day changes in volatility within the announcement period. The focus is primarily on the timing of the volatility increase, rather than on the level of increase. Research Questions 1. Can the timing of market volatility due to reaction to bad news or good news, be predicted using the ISD? 2. Is there difference in the timing of reaction between, good news, easy to interpret news vs bad news, or difficult to interpret news? 3. Is the delayed reaction to bad news a manifestation of their lower degree of earnings persistence? Hypothesis The hypothesis is that good news announcements are associated with positive returns and bad news is associated with negative returns. Announcements of bad news have generally been established to have lower earnings response coefficients. The conditions of changing volatility, the ISD of an at-the-money option can be interpreted as an estimate of the expected standard deviation of the return over the life of that option, and can therefore be used to analyze the pattern of volatility, which the market expects to occur around an announcement. Announcements of earnings per share (eps) figures with a high transitory component, whose implications for the future are more difficult to assess, should be associated with a delayed volatility reaction. Findings of the study 1. If the day of the of the anticipated volatility increase is known, then by measuring the ISD at two points before that day, the `basic volatility and the amount increase can be deduced. 2. The ISDs tend to rise before the announcement date and fall after it. The day 10 ISDs suggest that volatility rises again roughly two weeks after the announcement. 3. Announcing bad news and announcing news that is difficult to interpret both have an incremental effect on delaying the volatility reaction, but the effect of bad news appeared to be dominant. 4. Companies reporting bad news deliberately convey less precise information, thereby extending the period required by the markets to analyze its implications. 5. When there is no news, ISD and hence volatility did not appear to change significantly around the announcement. Summary of Paper 3 The third paper chosen is titled â€Å"Forecasting the pulse: How deviations from  regular patterns in online data can identify offline phenomena† by Andreas and Pascal (2013). Purpose of the Study With steady increase of data availability of human behavior collected through online social services, there is a big potential for data scientist to leverage standard deviation as the tool to conduct real time detection and analytic studies of extraordinary offline phenomena. Such detection helps build foundational marketing opportunities for social commerce. Research Questions 1. Does communication environment (i.e. facebook, twitter, match.com) has its normal state of user behavior? 2. Is there seasonal trend in the patter? How big are the variations? 3. What is the dynamic empirical state base on the historical data pattern? Do large deviations detected between system states versus empirical state work as indicators of user’s offline phenomenon? Hypothesis Large deviations between the states of the social platform as forecasted by the empirical model can be used as indicators of extraordinary events, which led users to deviate from their regular usage patterns. Findings Studies launched on Twitter base on historical usage in 2011 – 2012 concludes that each social platform has its own variable of usage pattern that is specific to individual user. The normal state of communication environment can be measure by specific variables in the data documenting the user behavior online. After removing the seasonal trends, statistic model can determine the large deviations between the state of the system as forecasted and the empirical state. These large deviations are later validated as truly extraordinary events that led the users to deviate from the normal usage patterns (Andreas Pascal, 2013). These variations act as predictors for the social companies to proactively launch market campaign to target audiences. Summary of Paper 4 The fourth paper chosen is titled â€Å"Standard deviation of anthropometric Z-scores as a data quality assessment tool using the 2006 WHO growth standards: a cross-country analysis†, by Mei, Z., Grummer-Strawn, L.  (2007). Purpose of the Study Worldwide nutritional status of population can be measured using height and weight anthropometric indicators. In 1978, World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that the Standard Deviation of the Z scores of these indicators remains relatively constant across population, irrespective of nutritional status. In 2006, WHO published new growth standards and purpose of study is to find whether above standards can still be used to access data quality. Research Questions 1. Are previous measures of Z scores calculation still applicable to measure worldwide nutritional status of population? 2. Can nutritional status, especially in children, from both developed and developing countries, be used as international references? 3. Will Z-score rages still apply to data collected after the application of 2006 WHO growth standards? Hypothesis Since the Z-Score scale is linear, summery statistics i.e. mean, Standard Deviation, and standard errors caused through delta of application can be computed from Z-Score values. Z-Score summery statistics is also helpful for grouping growth data, irrespective of age, sex and nationality. The summary statistics obtained for current application model can be compared with earlier references. Findings Available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) represent nationally and contains large sample sizes. As these surveys are supported by United States Agency for International Development (USAID), they can be used authentically and contain wide range of monitoring and impact evaluation indicators. As per 51 DHS surveys obtained, 32 were from 23 African countries, four from three Asian countries and 15 from eight Latin American countries. The Z scores were obtained for height for age, weight for age, and weight for height and body mass index for age. For all these four indicators, Z-score in Latin American countries were higher than in African and Asian countries, even though the Standard Deviation for all the three indicators were relatively stable and did not vary much with the Z-Score means. References Acker, D. (2002). Implied Standard Deviations and Post-earnings Announcement Volatility. Journal Of Business Finance Accounting, 29(3/4), 429. Andreas, J., Pascal, J. (2013). Forecasting the pulse: How deviations from regular patterns in online data can identify offline phenomena. Internet Research, 23(5), 589 607. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IntR-06-2012-0115 Cleaves, C., Hobbs, M., Noble, J. (2012). Business Math (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from VitalBook file. Scott, D. (2006). Risk: an uncommon deviation. JASSA, n.a.(2), 30. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/89211018?pq-origsite=summon Mei, Z., Grummer-Strawn, L. (2007). Standard deviation of anthropometric Z-scores as a data quality assessment tool using the 2006 WHO growth standards: A cross country analysis. World Health Organization.Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(6), 441-8. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/22955688 7?accountid=458

Berlin Wall Essay Example for Free

Berlin Wall Essay [] A few decades ago, before the beginning of the 21st century, the world was divided between the East and the West: US Capitalism and USSR Communism. Indeed, after World War II, two of the world’s superpowers fought each other indirectly; developing the idea of a silent war which later came to be known as the Cold War. During the Cold War, the world’s division was symbolically represented by the Berlin Wall – the iconic divide that separated East Germany from West Germany. With this division came the idea of a divided world separated by political paranoia, hegemonic supremacy and ideological dominance – all of which played a role in masking the other side of world with darkness and misinformation. Truly, the world was not integrated at that time. To a person living during that time, it may have seemed hopeless to dream of a world where everything is connected; where neither political, economical nor cultural (ideological) forces and agendas shaped and determined, not only international affairs, but also the internal affairs of other countries. Fortunately, history has its ways. In 1989, the Berlin Wall met its utter destruction. The USSR â€Å"lost† the Cold War and the United States was left as the only surviving hegemonic state that was fortunate enough to enter the 21st century with victorious colors. With its supposed â€Å"victory† at hand, the United States was left with no other choice but to encourage other countries to adopt their own policy of capitalism and free trade. As such, with the world’s entrance to the 21st century, a new field of study was conceptualized and disseminated: Globalization. Though controversially dubbed as Americanization by some, Globalization is, indeed, a force of free trade that is augmented by the United States’ idea of Capitalism. As more and more countries began to adopt the concept of Capitalism, free trade grew in the International Community; thus, sparking a phenomenal revolution – a revolution where goods, services, labor and, most important of all, information moved unprecedentedly across borders and sovereignties. In fact, this revolution was so intense that academics and economists alike began talking about the notion of a â€Å"shrinking† world. Indeed, with the advent of globalization came the shrinking of the world – shrinking simply because people and goods can now move across countries without hindrance. Furthermore, communication took new heights into allowing individuals from a certain country to communicate with another person from a different that is largely opposite of his/her side of the world’s hemisphere. Truly, for the first time in the history of the world, the International Community became almost completely integrated. Though detrimental to some countries, it cannot be denied that this form of integration caused by the powerful force globalization has benefited almost every country in the world. For one thing, it has allowed consumers from different countries to experience having different choices when it comes to buying goods. Another is that every country in the International Community today have begun to realize that economic interdependence is the key to immense growth and development. In other words, trading with other countries may seem a better option than conquering them. Truly, such economic integration brought about by Capitalism has made the world less likely to enter into a Third World War. Though not the first of its kind in the history of humankind, this form of integration in the 21st century is undoubtedly one of the most comprehensive and most beneficial of all. It has allowed different cultures to flourish, not only within each country’s respective societies, but also within other countries’ societies as well.

The Purpose Of Online Dating

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